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Read. Understand. Apply.
The Warn Room blogs apply 70 years of research to the practice of alerts and warnings. We show how evidence-based changes to message content, style, and structure can create more effective warnings.


Flood Warnings and Technical Language
Much of the time that I have written about language inconsistency and the use of jargon in messages, it has been focused on WILDFIRE. Many previous posts to the Warning Gallery have pointed to the use of operational and technical language (Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 or Ready status, Set status, Go status) that has more meaning to responders and commanders than to the public. In fact, we’ve published about the use of inconsistent language in the National Fire Protection A

Jeannette Sutton
Dec 12, 2025


Lessons on rumoring, style, and consistency from a haz-mat message
A colleague sent this message to me, calling attention to the words "hazardous materials" and asking what might be a more plain language...

Jeannette Sutton
Mar 14, 2025


A revised law enforcement message that is complete and consistent
We've written about law enforcement messages in the past, showing how they can be "tricky" to write about because of the uncertainty of...

Jeannette Sutton
Apr 25, 2024


Surf's UP, but stay OUT.
There's a lot of good things to say about this message sent by the Office of Response, Recovery, and Resilience; but there are also a few...

Jeannette Sutton
Jan 12, 2024


Law enforcement notifications and message consistency.
When WEA was first initiated, messages addressed imminent and actionable threats, requiring public response to increase the safety of a...

Jeannette Sutton
Dec 6, 2023


Update the order and visual design to improve message readability.
Message design is more than just the inclusion of contents, it also includes the ordering and the use of visual effects to capture...

Jeannette Sutton
Nov 17, 2023


Creating internal consistency across messages
Three messages sent from 11:41 pm to 4:55 am in one night. While its uncommon to find multiple messages issued over the course of the...

Jeannette Sutton
Sep 30, 2023


Message Inconsistency
Wildfire WEA issued on 6/28/2023 In prior posts, we discussed the importance of message consistency. Most frequently, this is a topic...

Jeannette Sutton
Jun 27, 2023


Is it time to talk about WEA policy?
Alerts sent on 3/10/23 to West Hollywood, followed by all of L.A. County The Warn Room resources and commentary have been primarily...

Jeannette Sutton
Mar 10, 2023


The importance of message consistency.
Top WEA sent 11/4/2022 1:23 pm CDT Bottom WEA sent 11/4/2022 1:20 pm CDT External message consistency is just as important as internal...

Jeannette Sutton
Nov 3, 2022


Message complete! (in 231 characters)
WEA sent 10/26/2020 While the research record supports a specific order of contents to improve message comprehension (source; hazard;...

Jeannette Sutton
Oct 25, 2020
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